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Central US bodies under the constitutions between 1781 and 1787 and their competences
Jandus, Michal ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Kuklík, Jan (referee)
Central US bodies under the constitutions between 1781 and 1787 and their competences Abstract The subject of this thesis is the central bodies of the United States of America and their competences. In the context of this work the central bodies are the President of the United States as the head of the executive branch, bicameral Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, as the major body of the legislative branch and the Supreme Court as the major body of the judicial branch. The aim of this work was to analyze how these bodies function and their position within the constitutional system of the United States, both horizontally and vertically. The first part of the thesis deals with the circumstances of the establishment of the United States of America, the adoption of the Declaration of Independence and the end of the American War of Independence. The second part deals with the Articles of Confederation, the first US Constitution, and the process of their creation, the bodies that were created on their basis and their competences. The third part deals with the reasons for the creation and process of adoption of the US Constitution, the problems that accompanied its creation, the legal principles on the basis of which it was created and the content of the Bill of Rights. The...
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Presidential systems
Křtěnová, Monika ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the presidential system as one of the distinguished alternatives of existing political systems in the present democratic society. This thesis is divided into three parts. The primary aim of the first part is to produce a brief overview of individual political systems and to outline their mutual differences through the description of their characteristics. The second part describes a specific political system in this world - namely the United States of America which became the source of inspiration for all subsequently established systems of this type. This part focusing on the United States is then divided into three separate chapters where each of them provides a view of particular branches of the government which form a constitutional system of the state together. These chapters offer not only the characteristics of these particular government branches and their central government bodies, but they also explain their mutual relationship and the control mechanism and particularly their relation to the President who is the key character of the entire presidential system, also his office and his powers. The main source of information, from which this part of the thesis proceeds, is the United States Constitution itself which is, as the supreme law of the state, the...
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The Reconstruction Amendments and their Relevance to Economic and Social Issues Faced by the United States from the 19th Century Onwards
Dudíková, Oldřiška ; Robbins, David Lee (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee)
This thesis examines a period in the history of the United States between 1865 and 1877 known as Reconstruction. It develops around the major pieces of legislation that were enacted over the course of its duration, and which incorporated for the first time into the American Constitution civil rights related to the country's black population of (in the examined period already former) slaves. The Reconstruction Amendments, as Amendments Thirteen, Fourteen, and Fifteen to the U.S. Constitution came to be known, had several functions: one of them was to define the status of freed blacks in the post-war country, and they were also to serve as a means of restoring political and economic stability in the South devastated by the Civil War. The first part of the thesis looks at the so-called Presidential Reconstruction, which lasted until 1866 and was characterised by rather 'mild' provisions in the South on the part of the U.S. government. Lack of national intervention on the level of individual states, insufficient financial funds and President Johnson's sympathy toward the class of white Southern planters prevented a more radical development in the post-war South. Although Presidential Reconstruction saw some considerable achievements, such as the setting up of schools, health facilities and churches to...
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